Numerical analysis of effect of baffle configuration on impact force exerted from rock avalanches     

YuZhang Bi  YanJun Du  SiMing He  XinPo Sun  DongPo Wang  XinPo Li  Heng Liang  Yong Wu 《Landslides》2018,15(5):1029-1043

In mountainous areas, channelized rock avalanches swarm downslope leading to large impact forces on building structures in residential areas. Arrays of rock avalanche baffles are usually installed in front of rigid barriers to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches. However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed the mechanisms of interaction between the rock avalanches and baffles. In addition, empirical design approaches such as debris flow (Tang et al., Quat Int 250:63–73, 2012), rockfall (Spang and Rautenstrauch, 1237–1243, 1988), snow avalanches (Favier et al., 14:3–15, 2012), and rock avalanches (Manzella and Labiouse, Landslides 10:23–36, 2013), which are applied in natural geo-disasters mitigation cannot met construction requirements. This study presents details of numerical modeling using the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of the configuration of baffles (number and spacing of baffle columns and rows) on the impact force that rock avalanches exert on baffles. The numerical modeling is firstly conducted to provide insights into the flow interaction between rock avalanches and an array of baffles. Then, a modeling analysis is made to investigate the change pattern of the impact force with respect to baffle configurations. The results demonstrate that three crucial influencing factors (baffle row numbers, baffle column spacing, and baffle row spacing) have close relationship with energy dissipation of baffles. Interestingly, it is found that capacity of energy dissipation of baffles increases with increasing baffle row numbers and baffle row spacing, while it decreases with increasing baffle column spacing. The results obtained from this study are useful for facilitating design of baffles against rock avalanches.  相似文献   

Longitudinal genetic analysis of growth-related traits in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard)     

Wang  Hui  Zhang  Yi  Chang  Guoliang  Wu  Nan  Xu  Zhiqiang  Tang  Jianqing 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(2):775-785

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is an economically important species especially in China. Their exoskeleton places serious constraints on growth...  相似文献   

国家基础航空摄影成果数据库的设计与建立     

王瑞幺  严荣华  朱武  廖安平  汤海 《测绘通报》2006,(11):35-37,61

通过对国家基础航空摄影成果资料进行分析,从国家基础航空摄影成果资料的集成管理、安全存储、档案管理等方面的需求出发,提出国家基础航空摄影成果数据库建库的数据组织方式和数据存储模式,并通过设计建立国家基础航空摄影成果数据库管理系统,实现国家基础航空摄影成果资料海量、复杂、多样数据的存储管理和分发服务。  相似文献   

Uncertainty in projections of the South Asian summer monsoon under global warming by CMIP6 models: Role of tropospheric meridional thermal contrast          下载免费PDF全文

Yunqi Kong  Yuting Wu  Xiaoming Hu  Yana Li  Song Yang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):100145

本文基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划共18个模式的工业革命前实验和CO₂浓度突然四倍实验,发现在CO₂四倍强迫下,南亚夏季风环流呈显著减弱趋势,但减弱强度存在较大模式间差异.利用Webster-Yang指数和经向哈得莱环流指数的下降趋势表征SASM减弱强度,发现该下降趋势与欧亚大陆-印度洋之间对流层上层经向温度梯度的变化值(EUTT-IUTT)高度相关.进一步利用气候反馈-响应分析方法进行分析,发现EUTT-IUTT变化的模式间差异主要来自于大气动力过程,其次是云的短波辐射效应的贡献.地表潜热通量和云的长波辐射效应缩小了EUTT-IUTT变化的模式间差异.  相似文献   

Individual and combined impacts of ENSO and East Asian winter monsoon on the South China Sea cold tongue intensity     

Wang  Zhenzhen  Wu  Renguang 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):3995-4012

A region of low sea surface temperature (SST) extends southward in the central part of southern South China Sea during boreal winter, which is called the South China Sea cold tongue (SCS CT). The present study investigates the factors of interannual variation of SST in the SCS CT region and explores the individual and combined impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) on the SCS CT intensity. During years with ENSO alone or with co-existing ENSO and anomalous EAWM, shortwave radiation and ocean horizontal advection play major roles in the interannual variation of the SCS CT intensity. Ocean advection contributes largely to the SST change in the region southeast of Vietnam. In strong CT years with anomalous EAWM alone, surface wind-related latent heat flux has a major role and shortwave radiation is secondary to the EAWM-induced change of the SCS CT intensity, whereas the role of ocean horizontal advection is relatively small. The above differences in the roles of ocean advection and latent heat flux are associated with the distribution of low level wind anomalies. In anomalous CT years with ENSO, low level anomalous cyclone/anticyclone-related wind speed change leads to latent heat flux anomalies with effects opposite to shortwave radiation. In strong CT years with anomalous EAWM alone, surface wind-related latent heat flux anomalies are large as anomalous winds are aligned with climatological winds.

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短期线状集中分布地磁日变化感应电流异常机理初步解释——以2012年唐山4.8级地震为例          下载免费PDF全文

姜楚峰  吴迎燕  冯志生  戴勇  孙君嵩  章鑫  冯丽丽  李军辉 《中国地震》2022,38(2):226-238

本文分析了2012年唐山4.8级地震前,震中附近出现的短期原地重现线状集中分布地磁日变化感应电流异常的时空变化特征,及其与地震、中-下地壳和上地幔高导层的关系,进一步证实了短期原地重现线状集中分布感应电流的走向与中-下地壳和上地幔高导层顶面界埋深走向一致,认为其机理可能是深部热流体的上涌导致壳幔高阻体出现带有上拱性质的拆离滑动,深部上涌的热流体和高导层内热流体侵入高导层内电阻相对较高的地区,高导层出现短时间高导电流通道,当地磁日变化感应电流扫描经过高导电流通道时,感应电流会呈线状集中分布于此,并基于趋肤效应分布于其顶面附近。由于重现异常是发生在震源下方中-下地壳和上地幔高导层的地震异常,且该异常不同于震源附近及其震源至地表的地震异常,因此对推进地震孕育与发生机理研究可能有一定作用。此外研究还发现,地震虽然主要位于重叠段的端部,但更有可能位于中-下地壳重叠段的端部,这一发现对日常震情跟踪中应用该异常确定未来地震位置有一定帮助。  相似文献   

2022年四川泸定MS6.8地震前地震活动与地球物理观测异常回顾与讨论          下载免费PDF全文

薛艳  张小涛  晏锐  刘杰  苑争一  吴永加  田雷  宋治平 《中国地震》2022,38(4):601-612

2022年9月5日四川泸定M_S6.8地震发生在2022年度全国地震重点危险区内,且震前作了较好的短期预测。本文回顾了中期(年度)和短期阶段地震活动和地球物理观测异常。①2022年度危险区确定的核心依据有川滇藏交界4级地震空区、危险区附近M_L≥3.5地震空区、跨断层形变趋势异常和重力场异常等,其中,川滇藏交界4级地震空区被2022年1月2日云南宁蒗M_S5.5地震打破具有中短期预测意义。②短期阶段,川滇藏交界4级地震空区经历了“打破—增强—平静”的演化过程,与1973年四川炉霍M_S7.6地震前高度相似,这可能与其发震构造相同、震源机制解一致和深部孕震环境相似有关。此外,还存在川滇地区震群和多个余震区准同步活动、巴塘显著震群等异常。地球物理观测方面,在2022年6月1日芦山M_S6.1和6月10日马尔康M_S6.0地震后,四川前兆异常无明显减少,而在7—8月显著增多,这可以作为强震后短期仍有可能再次发生强震的判定依据。新增异常主要分布在以三岔口(鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带和龙门山断裂带交汇区,呈“Y”字形分布)为中心的300km范围内,这是震前短期地点预测的主要依据之一。③6.8级地震前形变中短期大幅度异常突出,且异常点均位于远场(距离6.8级地震震中130～300km范围内)。除礼州测距外,其余异常点均位于M_L3.5地震空区外围。形变异常出现的时间与M_L3.5地震空区打破后空区内部及边缘地震活动显著增强大体一致。④泸定6.8级地震发生在三岔口地区,该区及附近2015—2021年连续多年被确定为全国地震重点危险区,但均未发生预测地震,由此表明当前有效的强震年度(中期)时间预测依据少。  相似文献   

Interactions between hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and calcite in fused silica capillary capsules and geological implications for deeply-buried hydrocarbon reservoirs     

Zihao JIN  Guanghui YUAN  Yingchang CAO  Keyu LIU  Yanzhong WANG  Jianye SUN  Xiluo HAO  Ling ZHOU  Yihan WEI  Shuqi WU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(2):299-316

During the burial processes of deep/ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs,the interactions between hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and reservoirs significantly affect the quality evolution of hydrocarbons and reservoirs;thus,this topic requires further investigation.In this study,the continuous evolution and the coupling mechanisms in various anhydrous and hydrous nC₁₆H₃₄-(water)-(calcite)systems in fused silica capillary capsules(FSCCs)were investigated using laser Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence color analysis,and fluorescence spectroscopy,and the mineral alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The experimental results show that extensive organic-inorganic interactions occur in the systems if water is present,and different inorganic components have different effects on hydrocarbon degradation.Distilled water promotes freeradical thermal cracking and steps oxidation,forming more low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons,CO₂,and organic acids(e.g.,acetic acids)but suppresses the free-radical cross-linking,generating less high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.However,in the presence of CaCl₂ water,the yields of hydrocarbon gases are lower than in the distilled water system because high concentrations of Ca ions inhibit the generation of free radicals.Calcites,which exhibit different surface reactivities in different fluid conditions,affect hydrocarbon degradation in different ways.In the anhydrous nC16H34-calcite system,calcites promote the generation of both hydrocarbon gases and high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.In contrast,in the hydrous nC16H34-distilled(CaCl₂)watercalcite system,calcites promote the generation of hydrocarbon gases and suppress the generation of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.Calcite also reacts with organic acids via surface reactions to form secondary pores.Therefore,except for the formation temperature and pressure,organic-inorganic interactions are controlled by multiple factors,such as the water saturation,water type,water salinity,and the mineral content,resulting in different evolutions of the hydrocarbon degradation and reservoir properties.  相似文献   

五指山台DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆观测数据质量对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

郭昱琴  付国超  孙三健  吴双 《地震科学进展》2022,52(5):232-237

通过对五指山台DSQ水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆的观测数据统计,精度内在质量以及同震形变波分析,认为连续率、漂移量、内精度资料质量指标均符合形变要求规范。水管倾斜仪和VP垂直摆对不同震中距的地震记录存在较大差异:①当震中距较小时,水管仪无同震响应,VP垂直摆同震记录清晰;②当震中距＞6000 km时,两种仪器记录能力相当。   相似文献   

The first extra-large helium-rich gas field identified in a tight sandstone of the Dongsheng Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China     

Peng  Weilong  Liu  Quanyou  Zhang  Ying  Jia  Huichong  Zhu  Dongya  Meng  Qingqiang  Wu  Xiaoqi  Deng  Shang  Ma  Yongsheng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(5):874-881

Science China Earth Sciences - Helium gas is a scarce but important strategic resource, which is usually associated with natural gas. Presently, only one extra-large helium-rich gas field has been...  相似文献